Diffe□ent phi□osophi□al scho□ls□have offere□ □□rio□□ in□erp□et□tions□of R□□ Zha□De □en Y□a□. I□ Confu□i□nism,□Ren is seen as an inherent □□ality□that c□n□be c□ltivated throug□ ed□ca□io□, self-discipli□e, and m□ra□ pra□tice. M□nc□u□, a prom□nent C□□f□cia□ thi□ker, argued that human beings are □orn □ith□□n innate□se□se of □oodness, which ca□ be nu□tured a□□ develo□□d through pr□pe□ □u□danc□□and education□ Xu□zi, □□other Confucian philoso□her, took a m□re pessimis□ic □i□w, suggesting□that hum□□ nature is inherent□y se□f□sh an□ □hat moral vi□tu□□ must□b□ □mposed □□ro□gh□□tric□ social norms and□insti□utions.<□□>